Multichannel television system



Aug. 1, 1950 Filed July 18, 1947 FIG. 1

G. WALD HULTICHANNEL TELEVISION SYSTEM 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aug. 1, 1950 G. WALD 2,517,265

MULTICHANNEL TELEVISION SYSTEM Filed July 18, 1947 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVEN TOR.

A 1, 1950 G. WALD 2,517,265

' MULTICHANNEL TELEVISION SYSTEM Filed July 18, 1947 6 Sheets-Sheet .4

A A V FIG. IO

jNVENTOR.

Patented Aug. 1 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MULTICHANNEL "TELEVISION 'SY-STEIVI George Wald, :St. Petersburg, Fla.

Application 1111118, 1947, Serial Nth 761,381

The present inventionrelates'generally'to long distance television apparatus, and more particaularly to means comprising .a long distance rtelevision chain broadcasting system. An object ofthis invention is toprovide means whereby high-definition television maybeztransmitted and received allover the United States and Canada, :and make long distance television immediately available to .theentine world.

At present, the television camera scans images at a rate of sixty inter-laced image-.-frames.per

second, comprising a total of about nine millions picture dots per second. At this rateof scanning, a television band of about four and one-half megacycles of successive electrical picture impulses are produced .per second. sing-1e series of electrical picture impulses modulates a single radio frequency carrier, with one .sideband cutofl", and producesa total-.carrierlsi-deband width of nearly six megacycles-(including the vestigial side-band). .Since the television modulated radio carrier must have :alfrequency o'fabout ten times-the televisionside-band width. a radio frequency carrier of sixty, or more,megacycles is required to carry this-televisionband.

At this radio frequency the receptionis limited to the effective horizon only.

An object of this invention is to .-reta'in.all of the picture intelligence by scanning the image as at present thereby producing a single chain 'of' sixty image-frames 'per second, "'dividing'this chain of image-frames and reverting'them into a plurality of chains of continuousimage frames,

transmitting and receiving each continuous chain of image frames over a separate'andadjacent radio carrier. I employ, 'say,"six "double-mosaic storage tubes. 'Each image-frame is stored successively and intermittently-at its normal peri- 'odicity (one-sixtieth of a second) "upon'the input 230mm; (curs-as) 2 ceive'cl on a separate and adjacent radio carrier. While the whole picture intelligence is carriedpin total, by the carriers only one-sixth of it is carried by each'separate carrier. Therefore,

:5 separate carrier produces-only-one-sixth of-the originalside-band-width, or one megacycle -(in cluding the vestigial side band and separator). Each television modulated 'radio carrier may thus have a radio frequency of only ten megacycles .10 and is-therefore receivable at long distances.

At the receiver, the-electricalpicture impulses of each-of-the six chains of continuous image- 'frames *are received simultaneously by six separate television radio receivers. Here too,-'I em- :1r5 ploy, say, sixdouble mosaic storage-tubes. Each chain "of continuous image-frames is storedsi multaneously at its periodicity (one-tenth of a. second). =Each=image-frame is retrieved-from each output mosaic of each storage tube 'at its .290 "original television camera periodicity one-six&-

:30 age-fframes isa'ccomplished. I-nssome of these methods, mechanical iievlces'are employedsu'ch "-as commutators and switches, whereby a chain "of image frames Ilivided :and intermittently stored. Another-method iisby gating wherein :35 an-additional :gatingsg-rid is .used .in the interxnittent'side of the sstorage tube. iThis gatmg :gridis 'zheldz at ea negative .epotential beyond ath'e zoathode-mayxbeam cuts'ofiand :blanks it. -At periodic linterrals, a: positive signal is .applied :sto

mosaic of each successive storage-tube. "Whenmo-thisgatingigridsand :the scathodeeravbeamsis the sixth image-frame is stored upon th :i-nput 'mosaicof the sixth successive storage-tube,'s'the operation is'repeated so that each image-frame,

sa -produced by the television camera, is=stored -restoredstoitsmcrmal operation. In still lan- --othemmethod, zthetdefiecting plates. inuthe-intermittent side of :the-istorage-tube are maintained a.t.=a-potential so-asz;to. liold-iihe eathoderramheam successively and intermittently at its'normat pe- =4 at one point of the mosaic. ;-At a periodic-Anrlodicity upon the input'mosaic of a'correspond- -ing storage-tube. .Each image-frame'isrretrieved from the "output mosaic of each "storage-tube at a periodicity equal'to the product oftheo'riginal ;periodicity and the number oi storagee-tubesnsed iflo storage of. andmage-frame. -Stil1:another;;noyel which in this case is one-sixtieth ofua second times six storage-tubes, or, OIlB-tGIIthzOfBSBBfiDDd.

Thereby I produce-say, six continuous chains of ten image-frames each. Each-ofthe continuous terval, aan oppositenpntential :saw-tcoth signal is asappliedaacsossr thadeflectingplates and. hematicmdesrambeamscans intermittent-1y :lthe iIIlQSEi iOf tthe .storage-tube, :thns l-producing intermittent -method,:her.einafter1 dwcribedriisnto utilize moly- :-phase current-impulses-oiaamxed time-periodicity, zto correspondsinitheir totalzphases, to the orig- .zinal television camera-meriodici-tx land -store\; in-

'ichains-iof image-frames transmitted and. re-aiilhtermittent -imaxeeirames by theimp lses ofeflch phase. In fact any known method may be employed in combination with the polyphase current pulses to achieve the desired results. In the following specifications and drawings, the method of holding the cathode-ray beam to one side of the mosaic is shown since this method so clearly illustrates in the drawings the various phases of each cathode-ray beam under the influence of the polyphase impulses.

An object of this invention is to retrieve simultaneously all of the image-frames so intermittently stored and transform them into a plurality of simultaneous and continuous chains of image-frames, and to transmit and receive simultaneously each chain of image-frames over a separate and adjacent radio carrier. I rectify one side of the polyphase currents and produce polyphase pulses. Each pulse of each separate phase is applied as a trigger pulse to each of the RC grid terminals of two well known sawtooth generator circuits. The RC in the output circuit of one generator is fixed to produce a one-sixtieth of a second intermittent scanning impulse, while the output RC of the second generator is fixed to produce continuous one-tenth of a second polyphase scanning impulses. At the transmitter the successive chain of imageframes is applied to the input side of all storagetubes in parallel. The intermittent scanning impulses of each phase are applied in a polyphase fashion across the deflecting plates of the input side of each corresponding storage-tube. Thus each image-frame produced at the television camera is stored intermittently and successively upon the input mosaic of a corresponding storage-tube. The continuous polyphase scanning impulses are applied in a polyphase fashion across the deflecting plates of the output side of each corresponding storage-tube. A plurality of polyphase and continuous chains of image-frames are retrieved simultaneously from the output side of the storage-tubes. Each continuous polyphase chain of image-frames are transmited andreceived simultaneously on a separate radio carrier.

At the receiver, I use similar polyphase currents converted into continuous and intermittent polyphase impulses. I apply the continuous polyphase impulses across the deflecting plates of the input side of each corresponding storagetube, and the polyphase intermittent impulses each phase are applied to the output side thereof. Each continuous chain of image-frames is applied to the input side of a corresponding storage-tube. Thus I store continuously and simultaneously all the continuous polyphase chains of image-frames, as received by the receivers. The intermittent image-frames are also retrieved in a polyphase fashion from the output sides of the plurality of storage-tubes, hence, in time relation, the image-frames dovetail into one another. I recombine the intermittent imageirames to re-iorm the original chain of successive image-frames, corresponding to that produced at the television camera and reproduce like images therefrom.

Another object of this invention is to simulta neously scan images at the television camera in interlaced fashion, and to modulate simultaneously each side-band of each radio carrier by the electrical picture impulses produced by each interlaced image-frame. In this method of interlaced scanning both side-bands of each carrier are utilized to the fullest extent, and the vestigial side-band width is completely eliminated. Each of the two interlaced chains of image-frames are again subdivided, by image-frame, into, say, three continuous chains of image-frames, and each continuous chain of interlaced image-frames is transmitted and received over each of the two side-bands of the same radio carrier. Thus, only three radio carriers are required to carry the six chains of continuous polyphase image-frames.

Another object of this invention is to utilize my long distance television transmission in a television chain system similar to the audio chain system now being used in the United States and Canada. In my television chain system a number of local stations are established all over the country. The picture signals of each continuous chain of image-frames are received by a radio receiver. A wire chain system is used to transmit and receive the synchronizing signals in addition to the audio signals. At each local station on the chain system the continuous and intermittent synchronizing impulses are reproduced, and these impulses may be synchronized by the synchronizing signals received by the wire chain system. Each local station receives the plurality of continuous chains of image frames. It converts them into chains of intermittent imageframes and recombines the intermittent imageframes into one successive chain of imagei'rames. Each local station rebroadcasts the successive chain of electrical picture impulses on a predesignated radio frequency television channel. The apparatus employed at each local station receiver closely resembles the apparatus employed at the television transmitter, hence, each local station may readily be transformed into a transmitter for broadcasting video and audio signals to the entire television chain system.

Another object of this invention is to provide a simple means to synchronize the camera, the television transmitter, the local stations and automatically the home television receiver, by thirty impulses per second synchronizing signals.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the devices and circuits employed at the television transmitter.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the devices and circuits employed at the local station.

.Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the devices and circuits employed at the optical scanning television home receiver. Similar scanning devices with changed circuits are also employed at the optical scanning television camera.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the cathoderay television receiver. Fig. 4 is a continuation of Fig. 2, for lack of space it is shown separately. It illustrates the type of a cathode-ray tube used and the circuits for same.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the cathoderay television camera tube. Fig. 5 is a continuation of Fig. l, for lack of space it is shown separately. It illustrates the type of a cathode-ray tube used and the circuits employed therewith.

Fig. 6 shows graphic curves representing the momentary amplitudes of the various scanning impulses as applied to the deflecting plates of the storage-tubes, (11) illustrates their time relations as used at the television transmitter and (b) illustrates their time relations as used at the local stations.

Fig. 7 is a top view of the prime-mover disc facing the light beams. Figs. 8 (a) and (b) are diagrammatic views amazes or a circuit employed to change the frequency of the scanning impulses.

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view of the circuits employed in the optical scanning camera. Fig. 9 is an alternate continuation of Fig. 1, for lack of space it is shown separately. It illustrates a small cathode-ray tube, without deflecting plates, and used to produce electrical impulses corresponding to elemental areas of an image.

Fig. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the synchronizing device shown in Fig. 3. It is used to synchronize the television optical camera, the television transmitter, the local stations and the optical television receivers.

Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic top view of the motor, synchronizer and two generators employed at the television transmitter and at the local stations. It illustrates the generation of the intermittent and continuous scanning signals by electric motor generators. It also shows the synchronization of these devices.

Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic view of the bi-polar fields employed by the two generators to produce the intermittent and continuous scanning im- Dulses. tween the bi-polar fields of the continuous scanning signals and the intermittent scanning signals at the television transmitter and at the local stations.

It illustrates the position relation be- Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic view of the principal devices and circuits shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, etc. It illustrates the alignment of the transmitter, the local station receiver and the home-television receiver.

Referring to the drawings more particularly by reference to numerals, in order that the theory and operation of the apparatus may be understood, there is disclosed in Fig. 1 and Fig. 13 an alternating current, Y-connected, three-phase generator 2|. ten revolutions per second, or six-hundred revolutions per minute, and its direction of rotation is as indicated by the arc-arrow 25. The common terminal 26 is connected to the center of the Y-windings 22, 23 and 24. A direct current source of electric power 21 is placed in series with tthe common terminal 26, which keeps its potential negative relative to the potential of the rectifiers. 28, 29 and 30. All common leads, indicated by a Pointed arrow, are connected together. The half-wave rectifiers 28, 29 and 30 rectify separately, one alternation of the current produced by each winding 22, 23, and 24 respectively. Thus for each revolution of the generator 2| three separate electric current impulses are produced. Each impulse lasting one-thirtieth of a second, each impulse following the other and each 1m.- pulse is displaced from one another, by a phase difierenceof 120, degrees, or by one-thirtieth of a second.

The three one-thirtieth of a second electric impulses are used as scanning impulses in the separate three-phase circuits A, B and C. These three. phase circuits A, B and C are alike and the operation. of each is the same in all respects, except that the scanning impulses of each, lags one-thirtieth of a second behind the one preceding. it. In phase A circuit, the one-thirtieth of a second impulse is conducted through circuits indicated at 34, which circuits translate the impulse into a saw-tooth and peaked scanning impulse, as. well known in the art. The lead from 34 is connected. to one vertical deflecting plate (not shown) of the input side 61 of. the storage-tube -34. The opposite deflecting plate (not. shown) This generator 2| is revolving at is connected to the common terminal 26. Hence when 34 produces a vertical scanning impulse thecathode-ray beam 35 scans a vertical sweep across the mosaic 36 (in the drawings from left to right) at a rate of ten intermittent sweeps per second, completing each sweep in one-thirtieth of a second. The maximum potential of the scanning impulse is twice as high as the potential of the direct current power 21, hence the moment the potential of the scanning impulse reaches the value of 21, the cathode-ray beam 36 is in the middle of the scanning sweep across the mosaic 36. When the potential of the scanning impulse reaches a maximum, the cathoderay beam 35 is at the end of the sweep (right-' hand in the drawings). When the one-thirtieth of a second scanningv impulse ceases abruptly, the potential of 21 quickly returns the sweep of the cathode-ray beam 35 to a position at 31. The latter beam 35 is held at 31 for a period of twothirtieths of a second, during that time there is no scanning impulse in the circuit at 34.

The rectifier 28 feeds also an oscillator circuit indicated at 38. This oscillator circuit 38 utilizes the one-thirtieth of a second intermittent electric impulse for its plate power supply. It is designed to oscillate and produce 512 impulses during and when there is an impulse produced by the rectifier 28.

Fig. 8(b) illustrates diagrammatically a circuit that may be employed to produce line scanning impulses from the one-thirtieth of a second, intermittent, frame scanning impulses. It shows an oscillator circuit having a heated cathode 58, a grid 51' and a plate 59'. The one-thirtieth of a second electric impulse, as produced by the rectifler 28 and common 26, is transformed into a box type electric impulse, as well known in the art. This box type impulse is applied to the ter' minals 56' and 26 and provides the positive potential for the plate 59'. The plate coil 54 is tuned by the condenser 54" to oscillate at 512 impulses per one-thirtieth of a second. The driving coil 55' is connected to the grid 51' of the oscillator circuit. Hence when 28 rectifies on onethirtieth of a second electric impulse, the plate 58 is supplied with power, and the oscillator circuit oscillates. When the rectifier 28 does not rectify an electric impulse, the plate 58' has no potential and does. not oscillate. The output of 512 oscillations per one-thirtieth of a second, is removed from the terminals 60' and 26. The impulses produced at 38 are conducted through the circuits indicated at 39, which circuits translates these impulses into saw-tooth and peaked scanning impulses. These scannin impulses produced by 39 are applied to one horizontal defleeting plate of the input side 61 of the storagetube 3| while the other horizontal plate (plates not shown) is connected to the common lead 28. Thus when the vertical deflecting plates cause the cathode-ray beam 35 to sweep across the mosaic 36 from left to right, the horizontal deflecting plates cause the said beam 35 to make 512 horizontal sweeps (in the drawings perpendicular to the paper). When there is no impulse produced by the rectifier 28, the cathode-ray beam- 35 is held at the position 31, which is the upper left corner of the mosaic 36.

The rectifier 28 also feeds the circuits indicated at 42 and diagrammatically shown in Fig. 8(a). The leads from the rectifier 28 and common terminal 26, connect to the terminals 56 and 26 respectively: The grid 51 and the cathode 58 are tuned by the coil and condenser 55,. tot-he onesthirtieth of a second impulses. The cathode 58 and the plate 53 are tuned by the transformer and condenser 54 to one-tenth of a second impulses. When a one-thirtieth of a second impulse starts between the cathode 58 and the grid 51 an impulse starts, at the same moment, between the cathode 58 and the plate 59, but due to the fact that this latter circuit is tuned to one-tenth of a second impulse, the current is so to speak, lagging and stretched out, to produce a one-tenth of a second impulse across the terminals 60 and 26. Thus the impulses at 42 start at the same moment the impulses start at 34. The one-tenth of a second continuous impulses are conducted through the circuits indicated at 43, which circuits translates them into sawtooth and peaked scanning impulses. The scanning impulses produced by 43 are applied to one vertical plate of the output side 68 of the storagetube 3 I, while the opposite deflecting plate (plates not shown) is connected to the common lead 26. The one-tenth of a second continuous scanning impulses may be produced by some other well known oscillating circuits properly synchronized to start the impulse at the same moment the onethirtieth of a second impulse starts. For example, the one-thirtieth of a second impulse may be used as a trigger pulse, applied across the input RC of a sawtooth generator circuit. The timeconstant of the output R,C of the latter circuit may be adjusted to produce a one-tenth (or a one-thirtieth) of a second sawtooth scanning impulse. The one-tenth of a second impulse may be generated by a generator as hereinafter explained. The circuits indicated at 44 produce 512 impulses per one-tenth of a second. The circuits indicated at 44 are similar to the oscillating circuit shown in Fig. 8(b). In this case, the impulse supplying the voltage for the plate 59 lasts one-tenth of a second. The impulses produced by 44 are conducted through the circuits indicated at 45, which translates these impulses into saw-tooth and peaked scanning impulses. These latter scanning impulses are applied to one horizontal deflecting plate of the output side 58 of the storage tube 3|, while the opposite de' fleeting plate (plates not shown) is connected to the common terminal 25. Thus the cathode-ray beam 40 is continuously scanning its mosaic 4| at a rate of ten image-frames per second. The mosaics 36 and 4| are electrically insulated from one another.

The circuits indicated at 34', 38', 39', 42', 43', 44 and 45, located in phase B scanning circuits, and 34", 38", 39", 42", 43", 44" and 45", located in phase C scanning circuits, are respectively similar to those indicated at 34, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44 and 45, located in phase A of the scanning circuits. The operation of phases B and C circuits are exactly as above explained in connection with the operation of the circuits in phase A, except that the impulses in each phase differ by 120 degrees, or by one-thirtieth of a second.

A graphic illustration of the instantaneous amplitudes of the various scanning impulses at the storage-tubes 3|, 32 and 33, at the transmitter,

,as well as their corresponding phase relation to one another, in the three phases A, B and C, is shown in Fig. 6a.. The curves illustrate three revolutions of the generator 2|, for each phase. The upper curves BI, 62 and 63 represent the one-thirtieth of a second scanning impulses as appiied to the vertical deflecting plates of the input sides 61, 61' and 61" of the storage-tubes II, 32 and. 33 respectively. The lower curves 54,

65 and represent the one-tenth of a secondscanning impulses as applied to the vertical plates of the output sides 68, 68' and 68" of the storagetubes 3|, 32 and 33 respectively. Considering the scanning impulses in phase A, represented by the curves GI and 64, we see that they both start at the same moment, each impulse in 5| lasts onethirtieth of a second, followed by a period of no impulse, for two-thirtieths of a second, while the impulse in 64 lasts one-tenth of a second, and the impulses follow on the other continuously. This holds true for scanning impulses developed and in phases B and C, and shown by curves 52 and 65, and 63 and 66, with the exception that both impulses, the one-thirtieth and the onetenth of a second, of each phase, lag behind the other-phase, by one-thirtieth of a second, or degrees of a revolution of the generator 2|.

..In this scheme of scanning, the cathode-ray beam 35 scans an image-frame on the mosaic 35 in one-thirtieth of a second, it develops an imageframe, by electronic emission, 0n the mosaic 4|, which is in turn removed immediately but slower by the cathode-ray beam 46. The latter beam 40 scans continuously the mosaic 4| and develops a continuous series of frames, each lasting one-' tenth of a second. In phase B and C the same scanning takes place but at one-thirtieth of a second out of phase. Thus when cathode-ray beam 40 scanned one-third of a frame on the mosaic 4|, 35 completed scanning 36 and returned quickly to position 31. At that moment beams 50 and 46 started scanning mosaics 52 and 48 respectively. When. cathode-ray beam 40 scanned two-thirds of a frame on the mosaic 4|, beam 35 still rests at point 31, beam 50 com pleted one-third of a frame on mosaic 52, beam 46 completed the frame on mosaic 48 and returned the sweep to point 31'. At the same moment, beams 5| and 41 started scanning their respective mosaics 53 and 49. Fig. 1 illustrates the moment, the cathode-ray beam 40 has advanced scanning five-sixths of the mosaic 4|, beam 35 is still held at 31 (-35 will not start another sweep till beam 40 completed the sweep, and returned the quick return sweep to position 31, when beam 40 and 35 will start together an-- other sweep). Beam 50 has at this moment completed scanning one-half of the mosaic 52; while beam 46 is still held at the position 31.. Beam 5| has scanned one-sixth of the mosaic 53 and beam 41 has completed scanning one-half of its mosaic 48.

Referring to Figs. 1, 5, 9, and 13, the cathoderay tube H5 within the television camera H6; scans the image I, and produces a successive series of image-frames. These imageframes are applied through the transformers H2 and l i3 to the modulators 4, i5 and I I5 respectively, and in turn they are applied between the cathode and anode (cathodes and anodes not shown) of each input side 61, 61' and 61" of each storage-tube 3|, 32 and 33 respectively. The television camera is synchronized, by the transmitter synchronizing signals, so that when the cathode-ray beams 35, 46 and 41 sweep in succession their respective mosaics 36, 48 and 49, they scan one at a time one complete one-thirtieth of a second-image-frame on each of the latter mosaics. Thus beam 35 scans say, the first image-frame on the mosaic 3G, beam 46 the second imageframe on mosaic 48 and beam 41 the third imageframe on mosaic 49, etc. While each of the beams 35, 45 and 41 scan an image-frame on their respective mosaic, one at a time, the two other beams are at each instance, at rest and do not scan their respective mosaics. And so the thirty image-frames per second scanned by the television camera are divided into three series of image-frames each series containing ten image-frames per second.

As each cathode-ray beam 35, 46 and 41 scan an image-frame on their respective input mosaics 36, 48 and 43, an electronic emission image appears on their respective output mosaics 4|, 52 and 53. The output cathode-ray beams 40, 50 and 5I remove the electronic emission image from their respective output mosaics II, 52, 53, thereby producing between each output second anode and cathode (cathode not shown) a series of electrical picture impulses corresponding to separate and continuous series of ten image-frames each. The

. output-of the three storage-tubes 3|, 32 and 33,

produce three such series of electrical impulses. The three series of electrical impulses are sepa' rately and respectively amplified by the ampliflers H1, H8 and H9, and in turn they are applied to the television transmitters indicated at .I23, I24 and I25, through the transformers I20,

I2I and I22 respectively. At the latter transmitters, each series of electrical impulses modulate, separately and simultaneously, one-side-band of each of the three adjacent radio-carriers. Thus each transmitter transmits, separately and simultaneously, a series of ten continuous imageframes per second, each series carries but onethird of the total image intelligence and is transmittable over a carrier of less than thirty-five megacycles.

. Referring to Figs. 1, 11 and 13, the generator 2I also supplies three-phase current impulses to the single rectifiers I29, I30 and I3I. The common terminal for the synchronizing circuit from the generator 2| is at point I32. The rectifiers I29, I30 and I3I, together with the common terminal I32, supply thirty electrical impulses per second to the circuits indicated at I33. The circuits at I33 translate these electrical impulses to short pointed synchronizing signals, as is well known in the art. The sound produced at the microphone T produces audio signals. The audio signals so generated may also be amplified at I33 and together with the synchronizing signals taken from terminals I34, are transmitted by a wire chain system to all local stations on the chain system. The synchronizer I85 is not used when the station normally operates as a transmitter. It is used only to synchronize the transmitter to the chain system, just prior to the entering the service as a transmitter, as hereinafter explained.

Figs. 2 and 13 show diagrammatically the television receiver, which is used as a local station. All scanning devices, scanning circuits and the storage-tubes, are substantially the same as those used at the transmitter. The scanning circuits for these devices, as employed. at the local station, vary somewhat from the circuits used at the transmitter. A three-phase, Y-connected, alternating current generator II, has a three-phase winding I2, I3 and I4 and a common terminal I8. All the common terminals, indicated. by a pulses produced by the generator II and the halfwave rectlflers I8, I9 and 80, in the three phases A, B and C, lag 120 degrees behind each other. The circuits indicated at 84, 84 and 84" translates the intermittent one-thirtieth of a second, impulses, into peaked and saw-tooth style, framescanning impulses. The circuits indicated at 88, 88 and 88" produce 512 line-scanning impulses, when and during the time the rectifiers I8, I8 and respectively produce an electric impulse. The circuits indicated at 89, 89' and 89 translate the latter impulses into peaked and sawtooth style scanning impulses. The circuits indicated at 92, 92 and 92" produce continuously the one-tenth of a second frame-scanning electrical impulses, and the circuits indicated at 03, 93' and 83" respectively translate the latter impulses into peaked and saw-tooth style scanning impulses. The circuits indicated at 94, 84 and 94" produce 512 line-scanning electrical impulses per one-tenth of a second and the circuits indicated at 35, 95' and 95 respectively translate the latter impulses into peaked and sawtooth style line scanning impulses.

At the local station the input sides I04, I84 and I04" of the storage-tubes BI, 82, and 83 receive one-tenth of a second image-frames, separately and simultaneously. While the output sides I05, I05 and I05" produce intermittently, one-thirtieth of a second image-frames. The one-tenth of a second frame-scanning impulses produced by 93 and the 512 line scanning impulses Produced by 85, are applied to the input side I04 deflecting plates (plates not shown) thereby deflecting the cathode-ray beam and causing it to scan the input mosaic 86 continuously, at a rate of ten image-frames per second. The cathode-ray beams 96 and 9! are likewise scanning their respective mosaics 98 and 99, at

a rate of ten image-frames per second. The intermittent, one-thirtieth of a second, scanning impulses, produced by 84, and the 512 line-scanning impulses, per one-thirtieth of a second, produced by 89, are applied to the deflecting plates (plates not shown) of the output-side I05, of the storage-tube BI. Thereby causing the cathoderay beam to scan intermittently its mosaic III and reproduce electrical impulses corresponding to one image-frame, lasting one-thirtieth of a second, like action taking place in the storage tubes 82 and 83.

Since the beam 85 must place an image on the mosaic 88 before beam 90 can remove it, from its second mosaic 8|, and since beam 90 scans three times as fast as beam 85 does (as hereinafter explained) each ,of the two beams 85 and 90 must complete the scanning of their respective mosaics 86 and 9| and make their quick return sweeps together. This requires the beam 90 to remain at its position at 81, until beam 85 has completed scanning two-thirds of an imageframe when beam 90 starts its scanning of the mosaic III. This is true for all the three phases A, B and C, or the output of each of the three phases must lag 240 degrees behind the input. To accomplish this, the output scanning impulses in circuits 84 and 88, in phase A, receive the onethirtieth of a second impulse from the rectifier 80 in phase 0', or the output I05 retrieves the one-thirtieth of a second image-frame, electrical impulses, 2.40 degrees, or two-thirtieths of a second, behind the input side I04 of the storage-tube 8|. The output circuits at 84' and 88' in phase B, receive the one-thirtieth of a second scanning impulses, occurring later, from I3 in phase A and 84"--88", in phas C, receive the impulse,

occurring later, from 19 in phase B. Bearing in mind that when 13 produces an impulse, from which the one-tenth of a second scanning impulse is produced, for the input side I04 of the storage-tube 82, I8 has already completed its impulse, and there will be another impulse twothirtieths of a second later, or 240 degrees behind 19. The same is true for the output I05", the scanning impulses produced by 84" and 88" is supplied by 18, which is 240 degrees behind 80.

A graphic illustration of the instantaneous amplitudes of the various vertical scanning impulses at the storage-tubes 8|, 82 and 83, at the local station, as well as their corresponding phase relation to one another in the three phases A, B and C, is shown in the Fig. 6b. The curves illustrate three revolutions of the generator II for each phase (actually three and two-thirds revolutions, overlapping one another). The upper curves BI, 82' and 63' of each phase A, B and C, represent the one-tenth of a second vertical scanning impulses as continuously applied to the deflecting .plates of the input sides I04, I04 and I04" of the storage-tubes 8|, 82 and 83 respectively. The lower curves 64', 85' and 56 represent the intermittent one-thirtieth of a second vertical scanning impulses as applied to the defleeting plates of the output sides I05, I05 and I05" of the said storage-tubes respectively. The scanning impulses in phase A, represented by curves 6| and 54, complete the scanning of the image-frame at the same moment. The same is true for curves 82' and 85, phase B and for curves 63 and 68, phase C. The pair of curves of each phase A, B and C are 120 degrees, or one-thirtieth of a second, behind the preceding one.

As hereinafter explained, the generator II of the local station, is synchronized with the generator 2I, Fig. 1, of the transmitter, so the revolve exactly alike. The positions of the input cathode-ray beams 85, 88 and 91 are at the same moment of scanning their respective mosaics, the output cathode-ray beams 40, 50 and SI, Fig. 1, are. The moment shown in Fig. 2, the output cathode-ray beam 80 is one-half completing the scanning of the image-frame, on its mosaic 9|, and is developing electrical impulses correspond ing to the first image-frame. Cathode-ray beams I00 and IM are held, by the potential of I1, as applied to their deflecting plates, at .positions 81' and 81" respectively, and are removing no image electrical impulses from their respective mosaics I02 and I03. When 90 completes scanning the first image-frame, and returns to position 81, I00 will scan the second image-frame and develop electrical impulses corresponding to the second image-frame, to be followed by I 0| with the third image-frame, etc., in the same proper succession and corresponding to the series of image-frames originally scanned at the television camera.

Each of the three radio receiver I38, I40 and HI receives separately and simultaneously the television modulated, adjacent radio carriers of less than thirty-five megacycles. Each of the three radio receivers I33, I40 and I" detects .and retrieves one continuous series of electrical picture impulses corresponding to ten imageirames per second. Each series of electrical picture impulses, modulate the anode and cathode "(anode and cathode not shown) of each input I6, 38 and 83, deflected by their respective continuous scanning impulses, of ten impulses per second and 5I2 line-impulses per one-tenth of a second. Thereby each input beam places an image on its respective mosaic and develops an electronic image on their corresponding output mosaics 9|, I02 and I03. The output cathoderay beams 80, I00 and IN respectively remove the electronic image from their corresponding mosaics 8|, I02 and I03 and thereby develop corresponding image electrical impulses in the outputcircuits.

The intermittent television electrical impulses, as developed between the cathode (not shown) and the second anode mosaics 9|, I02 and I03, are applied in succession, to the three grids I43, I45 and I48 of the amplifier tube I44 (power supply of I44 is omitted for clarity of the drawings, as it is well known in the art). Thus developing a series of electrical impulses, between the oathnde I42 and plate I41, corresponding to the original, say, thirty image-frames per second produced at the television camera. The television impulses from I42 and I4! are applied to the local stations transmitter I48, to be rebroadcasted on any standard television channel assigned to that local station. The television home receiver may be any conventional television type now used to receive video signals and reproduce the images scanned at the transmitter.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 13 the generator II also feeds the polyphase current impulses to the half-wave rectifiers I50, I5I and I52 (connected in series), and with the common terminal I32 they produce thirty electrical impulses per secand. The outputs of I50, I5I and I52 are supplied to the circuits indicated at I38 by the terminals I53 and I 32. The circuits at I38 change the electrical impulses into short and peaked synchronizing impulses. The circuits at I38 feed the electrical synchronizing impulses to the local station transmitter I48, and they are broadcasted on an adjacent radio-carrier to the video signals radio-carrier. The audio signals received at the local station, by means of the wire chain systerm, are amplified at I38, they are applied to the local station transmitter I48 and they are broadcasted on the second adjacent radio-carrier to the video signals radio-carrier.

Figs. 11 and 12 show diagrammatically another method to produce the one-thirtieth and the onetenth of a, second scanning impulses, for the storage-tubes at the transmitter and local station. At the transmitter, the shaft I83 revolves 551.11 three hundred revolutions per minute, or at five revolutions per second. The shaft I83 has mounted thereon the synchronizer I85, the electric motor I84, the one-thirtieth of a second scanning impulse generator 2 I and the one-tenth of a second scanning impulse generator ISI. The armature winding of 2 I is a double Y-winding. It has six coils, which may be designated as 22, 22- 23, 23'24 and 24. The windings 22, 23' and 24 are not shown, in Fig. 1, each of these latter coils may be extended on the armature, diametrically opposite to the coils 22, 23 and 24. Thus the order of the double Y-windings becomes 22, 24, I3, 22, 24 and 23', each lagging behind the other by sixty mechanical degrees, or electrical degrees. The center of the six windings is connected to the common terminal 28. The tln-ee collector rings, conventionally used with the Y-winding armature, are split into two sections, difiereing in position by sixty degrees. The outer ends of each pair of coils 22--22', 23--23' and 24-24', connect to diametrically opposite set of split rings. As before, a bipolar field is used in the generator 2|. The field poles are narrow and each winding 22, etc. is so laid in the armature slots, as to produce a complete cycle, or two alternations, in one hundred twenty mechanical degrees of rotation of the armature. One brush is used to collect the scanning impulses from each split collector ring, or three brushes for the three split collector rings. The first of the three brushes is connected to the single rectifier 28, the second brush to 29 and the third brush to 30. A whole collector ring and one brush is used for the common terminal 26. Since the shaft I 83' is revolving at five revolutions per second, and since six rectified scanning impulses are produced per revolution of th armature, there are thirty scanning impulses produced per second, each impulse lasting onenirtieizh of a second. Each rectifier 28, etc., producing ten intermittent scanning impulses and each impulse is one-thirtieth of a second behind the other. The above description applies equally to the generator 'II' replacing II, Fig. 2, and located at the local station.

The generator I9I has also bipolar field. The field poles ISI" are about three times as wide as the field poles 2|" and 'II" are. ISI has three separate single-phase windings, distributed over a wide arc in the slot of the armature I9 I Each winding is laid in the armature slots, sixty mechanical degrees behind the other winding, so it will produce one complete cycle, or two alternations per each revolution of the armature, in each phase A, B and C, and each alternation lasting one-tenth of a second. Both alternations are rectified .by a double-rectifier in each phase. Thus producing ten impulses per second each impulse lasting one-tenth of a second and each impulse lagging by one-thirtieth of a second behind each other.

Fig. 12 shows the relative position of the bipolar field poles, of the generators IQI and 2|, also ISI and II, each superimposed over the other. The armatures of the generators 2|, 1| and I9I rotate in a direction shown by the arc-arrow. The bipolar fields 2|" and 2|", at the transmitter generator 2|, are placed in the casing in a position so that 2|" coincides with the end point of the field I9I" at the approach of the windings 22, etc., to the fields, while the windings of each phase A, B and C, are similarl placed in the armatures. Hence the one-thirtieth and the onetenth of a second scanning impulses will start at the same moment. The fields 'II", II" and I9I", 'I9I of the respective generators H and ISI located at the local stations, are placed in their casings in a position to coincide with one another at the point where the windings in each phase leave the field Poles. The windings I2, tc, and each winding of the generator I9I are similarly placed in the armatures, so that the one-thirtieth and the one-tenth of a second scanning impulse cease at the same moment. The field poles 2|" and 'II" are shown in the drawings at an accentuated angle. This was done to bring out clearly the relative position of these field poles to the field poles I9I". In practice the field poles 2|" and 'II" are in a radial position to their casings.

interlacing method. The camera tube 2I6, Fig. 5. has two cathode-ray guns 2I'I and 2", that produce the two cathode-ray beams 2|9 and 2I9'. The scanning of beams 2I9 and 2I0' is respectively synchronized with the periodicity of the input side of the storage-tubes 3|, 32, 33 and with those in the duplicate circuits hereinafter explained. Beam 2| 9 is made to lag behind a beam 2I9 by one-half of an image-frame, plus or minus one-half a line. The image is focused upon the mosaic 2| 8 which is continuously scanned by cathode-ray beams 2|! and 2I9'. thereby developing simultaneously two separate chains of interlaced electrical picture impulses, one across each of the impedances 2| 4 and 2" respectively. These chains of electrical picture impulses are amplified at 240 and 240 and they are retrieved at the terminals I08 and I08, respectively. The continuity of the terminals I06 and I08, Fig. 5, is shown in Fig. l. The electrical picture impulses at I 06 are amplified at I01 and stored intermittently, by image-frame, on each input mosaic 36, 48 and 49. These intermittent image-frames are converted to polyphase and continuous chains of image-frames, as previously explained. Each chain modulates one side-band of each radio carrier produced at transmitters I23, I24 and I25 respectively. The electrical picture impulses retrieved at I08 are amplified at I09 and they are conducted from the terminals no to three double mosaic storagetubes located in a duplicate set. The duplicate set circuits are illustrated in Fig. 1, from I0I to points 69, 69, etc. The intermittent and continuous polyphase scanning impulses are conducted to the duplicate set of three storage-tubes by the twelve conductor cable 10 and common lead 26. And so the electrical picture impulses, retrieved at I08, are also stored intermittently, by image-frame, in the duplicate circuits, as heretofcre explained. The intermittent image-frames are converted into polyphase and continuous chains of image-frames in the duplicate set. Each polyphase and continuous chain of image frames is conducted to terminals I26, I21 and I28 respectively. Each chain modulates the opposite side-band of each radio carrier produced at the transmitters I23, I24 and I25 respectively. Thus, in the simultaneous interlacing scanning, six double mosaic storage-tubes and three radio carriers are used. Obviously, when the television camera scans images and produces one single chain of sixty successive interlaced image-frames, each two successive interlaced image-frames form one whole image-frame and they may be processed and deprocessed b the circuits shown in Fig. 13, or six double mosaic storage-tubes may be employed in one singlepolyphase series and six radio carriers may be used. Fig. 9, in conjunction with Fig. 1, and Fig. 13 illustrate this system.

Fig. 2 further illustrates the simultaneous interlacing method as employed at the local station receiver. In this case each of the receivers I39, I40 and MI receives a radio frequency carrier of less than thirty-five megacycles per second. Each side-band of each carrier carries the electrical picture impulses corresponding to one interlaced series of ten image-frames per second. The circuits at I39, I40 and HI divide respectively the two side-bands of each carrier (as hereinafter explained in connection with Fig. 3). Each of the three circuits I39, I40 and MI respectively demodulates two interlaced series of continuous electrical picture impulses. Thereby, six polyphase series of continuous impulses are retrieved,

each series corresponding to one interlacing of ten image-frames per second. Three of those polyphase interlaced series of electrical picture impulses, originally processed at the circuits shown in Fig.1, may be deprocessed by the storage tubes BI, 82 and 83 respectively. Each interlaced series of continuous image-frames may thus be converted into intermittent series of image-frames, as heretofore explained. The three intermittent series of image-frames may be combined by the combining tube I, into one series of continuous electrical picture'impulses, corresponding 16 difference of one-half an image-frame, plus or minus one-half a line, and produce a simultaneous interlaced image upon the mosaic 2I2.

' The power supply 2I3 suppliespower to both cathode-ray gun units. The impedanoes 2,, 2H, 7 and the series condensers 2I5 and 2I5 keep the to thirty; interlacing image-frames per second.

The latter single series of continuous electrical picture impulses may modulate one side-band of the radio frequency carrier of the local station transmitter I48. The other three of thesez'polyphase series of electrical picture impulses, origlnally processed in the duplicate circuits at the transmitter, are applied to the terminals I 35, I36 and I31 respectively, and are likewise'deprocessed at the duplicate circuits at the local station receiver. (The duplicate circuits consist of three storage-tubes 8|, 82 and 83, with a combining tube 1' connected ina three-phase'circuit, as shown in Figr2.) The output of the duplicate circuitwcombining tube I 44 is conducted to the terminals 9,1315 the local station transmitter I48, to be rebroadcasted on the opposite side band of the local stations radio frequency carrier. Thus, the simultaneous interlacing'method of scanning may be continued through the hometelevision receiver.

Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate diagrammatically a home television receiver employing the simultaneous interlacing method. The receiving antenna I54, Fig. 3, is tuned to one side-band'of the radio carrier frequency by one-half of coil I'and condensers I55 and I58. The antenna I 54 is also tuned to theoppositeiside-band of the radio carrier frequency by the other half of coil I55 and condensers I61 and I59. The radio stage ampliher I amplifies the radio signals received on one side-band. of the radio carrier. The conventional circuits at i 66 consist of a local osclllator stage, a mixing stage, I. F. stages, a video detector and amplifying stages. ;The tuned radio transformer I62 and condenser I63 conduct the.

signals from I60 to the mixing stage, etc. at I66 and bring the video signals to the proper amplitude level, and these television signals are applied across the video tuned coil I88 and condenser I12, Fig. 4. The radio amplifier I6I, tuning coil I64, condenser I65,'and the circuits at I61 deliver the television signals, now at their properly amplified level, to the video tuned coil I69 and condenser I13, Fig. 4. @The circuits at I61 are substantially the same as those at I66 and they amplify the video signals received on the opposite side-band of the radio carrier. Since each amplifier, I66 or I61, amplifies but half of the television band, and since the vestigial band is entirely eliminated, the amplitude amplification of the television circuits is greatly improved. Fig. 4 illustrates diagrammatically a television receiver tube embodying two cathode-ray gun units 209 and 209'. The two gun units aresecured within the base of the tube 208 at a slightly inclined position relative ,to one' another. television signals obtained across the tuned condensers I12 and I28 are applied across the oathodes (not shown) at 209 and 209" and the grids 2H and 2 I I respectively. Thus, cathode-ray beams 2| 0 and H0 become television modulated as they scan their common mosaic 2I2 at a phase The television signals confined to each separate circuit. r

Fig. 3 also illustrates how the simultaneous interlacing system may be used in conjunction with the'optical scanning system. The latter system is fully described inmy U. S. Patent #2,306,656, Optical Scanning, issued December 29, 1942, and Patent #2,292,979, Television Apparatus, issued August 11, 1942. In this application Fig. 3 illustrates two beams of light I14 and I15 which are concentrated by condensing lenses I16 and I11 and pass through the Nicol prisms I10 and I'll respectively. The sources of light I14 and I16 and the Nicol prisms I10 and HI are encased within the enclosure I8I. The latter enclosure I8I has two partitions I and I80, so that each source of light and each Nicol prism is encased separately. Each wall I80 and I8I has a small aperture aligned with each Nicol prism, so that each beamof light I18 and I must pass through the aperture into the Nicol prism and through another aperture after leaving it. The beams I18 and I19 are projected upon the revolving mirror disc 82 and reflected in positions Iltand I90 respectively. The revolving mirror disc I82, Fig. 7, has three inclined mirrors I86, I81 and I88 on one surface. The mirrors are inclined so that when the disc I82 revolves, it causes reflecting beams I89 and I90 to scan a light diagonal on thesurfaceof the reflecting. mirrors 234 and 235 respectively. The position of the mirrors 234 and 235 cause the reflected scanning light beams I89 and I90 to pass through the prismo-convex lens 230 which focuses them upon the first prismo-concave mirror lens 232. The beams I89 sources I14 and I15 passing'through the Nicol prisms I10 and HI are regulated by the action of the strength of the television signals applied across'coils I68 and I69 so that all, a part, or none of the light in each beam passes through the apertures in I 8i. Thus, the beams of light I16 and I19 become television modulated and the light square appearing on the lens 233 becomes an image.

Fig. 3 also shows the shaft I83 on which the electric motor I84 is mounted. The motor I84 may be designed to revolve at six hundred revolutions per minute while operating at a terminal voltage of one hundred volts. The terminals 238 may be plugged in a. socket of the house electric power circuits. The resistance 231 may beadjusted for the average voltage existing, so that the voltage at the motor terminals 236 will be volts; while a delayed action voltage-regulator5connected at terminals 236, may regulate the variable resistance 238 to compensate for voltage variation due to load changes. "The motor I84, therefore, will rotate at a nearly constant speed.

The synchronizer I85, a cross-section of which i is shown in Fig. 10, has a non-magnetic disc 223 mounted on shaft I83. Three coils 224 are mounted on the disc 223, circularly displaced from one another by 120 degrees. The disc 223 and the three coils 224 constitute the rotor of the synchronizer 85. The starter of this synchronizer consists of a metal ring 225 solidly secured to casing I85, which, in turn, is secured to the base 226 of the synchronizer. The ring 225 has mounted within it three coils 221, similarly displaced from one another by 120 degrees. The shaft I83 and casing I85 is of magnetic material, while the cores of coils 224 and 221 are nonmagnetic. The synchronizing signals produced at the local station may be transmitted, received and amplified at I81, Fig. 3. Terminals I94 at I61 I connect to terminals I94 at I85, thus, the amplified synchronizing signals received by th wire chain system are applied to coils 224 and 221 in one series circuit. The synchronizing signals produce a momentary magnetic ull in coils 224 and 221 at a rate of thirty impulses per second. The magnetic pulses have a polarity as shown by S-N, Fig. 10. The coils, therefore, produce a weak magnetic synchronizing pull at each 120 degrees of a revolution of the synchronizer rotor, and a synchronizing pulse is produced for each imageframe. The disc 223 is secured on the shaft in such a position that this magnetic pull takes place at the start of each image-frame. Hence, the thirty impulses per second produced at I38, Fig. 2, and transmitted to the home optical receiver, synchronizes the home receiver with the local station automatically. The cathode-ray type receiver may develop the scanning impulses by oscillators and the oscillators may be synchronized by the amplified blanker signals at terminals I94.

The rotor of the generator 2|, Fig. 1, and the rotor of the generator 1 I, Fig. 2, may be similarly mounted on a shaft I83, as illustrated at Fig. 11. Also mounted on the shaft I83 are the electric motor I84 and the Synchronizer I85. The ring 225, Fig. 10, of the synchronizer I85 is not secured rigidly to the casings I85, but may rotate in'the casing I85 on ball bearings to form a rocker. The arm 228, moving in the slot 229 of the synchronizer casing I85, as shown in Figs. and 11, may rock the ring 225 with coils 221 through a 120 degree arc. Thus, when a station in Chicago is broadcasting television and a station in New York is to take over the broadcasting, the attendant in'New'York will synchronize his monitor to Chicago by moving the arm 228. The motor I84 revolving at about six hundred revolutions per minute, is pulled slowly (in a second or so) into the proper framing position by synchronizing coils 224 and 221. The attendant at each local station may always watch the framing of his monitor, which may have one interlacing of the image-frame from the distance transmitter and one interlacing from his own local station. By shifting the arm 228, he will not only frame the monitor of his own local station correctly, butalso the home receivers in his locality, since the synchronizing signal, which the local station produces by the generator 1|, controls all home receiversinhis vicinity. i y 1 The Y-winding generators described heretofore were considered to be bi-polar. It is evident that by using two pairs of field poles, and rotating the generators 2|, 1| and |9| at three hundred revolutions per minute, six scanning signals will be produced for each revolution of the armature. 'Six storage-tubes may thus be employed in the processing circuits and six storagetubes in the duplicate circuit. Thereby dividing the thirty image-frames per second in each interlacing into six chains of processed electrical impulses. Each chain -to contain five imageframes per second. Similar results will be obtained by using a double Y-winding in generators 2| and 1| and six coils in the single-phase generator I9I. Furthermore, there is no limit to the number of duplicate circuits that may be used, nor to the number of interlacings an imageframe may be divided into. Hence by changing the speed of the generators 2|, 1| and I9I, by changing the number of pair of poles, by changing the number of windings in the generators, or by changing the number of duplicate circuits and the-interlacing of the image, the thirty imageframes per second may be divided into any number of processed chains of impulses. The number of electrical impulses per second, in each processed chain, can thus be reduced to any desired television band width. For example, when the thirty image-frames per second is divded into six processed chains, each processed chain of electrical impulses would have a television-band of 1.25 million impulses per second and is transmittible on a radio-carrier of 12.5 megacycles. Or the fifteen megacycles television band contemplated to be used may be divided into six chains of 1.25 million impulses each, and transmitted over six adjacent radio-carriers on the 20 to 35 megacycles radio-carrier band. When six scanning impulses are used per revolution of the armatures, six coils 224 and six coils 221 may be used in the synchronizers I and I85 and six inclined mirrors I86, I81, etc., may be used in the disc I82 at the receiver.

It is evident that the Y-connected generators 2| and 'Il may be replaced by transformers or electronic oscillators, and sychronization may be accomplished by electronic means. It should be understood that I contemplate to utilize these latter means. The grid of the intermittent side (transmitter-input side, local-station-output side), of each storage-tube, may be normally held at a negative bias beyond the cut-off. Hence, normally, there is no electronic beam scanning the mosaic in this side of the storage-tube. The intermittent, one-thirtieth of a second, squared, positive impulse, may be applied to the negative control grid, thereby swinging the grid in a positive direction and removing it from the normal negative cut-ofi potential. Thus, whenever the intermittent, one-thirtieth of a second impulse exists, there is an electronic beam scanning the mosaic, in the intermittent side ofeach storagetube and producing the intermittent, one-thirtieth of a second image-frame scanning. At the transmitter, a second image modulating grid may be employed, in addition to the control grid, and the second grid used to modulate the electronic beam by the television impulses, whenever the electronic beam exists. I merely disclosed the generators as one means to produce the scanning impulses with the proper phase relation'to one another.

In order to make the drawings clear I omitted some devices, circuits and certain parts of the devices, well known in the art, but not eifected by this novel invention. Par example, the heater, cathode, grid and deflecting plates of the storagetubes are not shown in the drawings. It should be understood that these devices and circuits are included therein as (not shown).

I have thus disclosed means to accomplish the objects of this invention. My invention is not limited to the particular arrangement of the apparatus described, but may be variously modified without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

I claim as my invention:-

1. A method of televising consisting of scanning images, developing therefrom a series of electrical picture impulses, converting polyphase currents into a plurality of polyphase characteristic intermittent, phase differentiated continuous impulses, dividin the picture impulses at periodic intervals under the influence of the intermittent polyphase impulses, prolonging the operative duration of the divided picture impulses under the influence of the phase differentiated continuous impulses, developing a plurality of continuous series of electrical impulses from the prolonged picture impulses, transmitting and receivin simultaneously the plurality of continuous series of electrical impulses, converting polyphase currents into polyphase characteristic intermittent, phase differentiated continuous i111- pulses, reverting the operative duration of the picture impulses under the influence of the polyphase impulses, producing a plurality of intermittent series of electrical picture impulses, recombining the plurality of intermittent series of electrical picture impulses-into a single series of electrical picture impulses and reproducing .images therefrom.

2. A television system comprising means to scan an image, means to develop therefrom a series of electrical picture impulses, means to convert polyphase currents into a plurality of polyphase characteristic intermittent, phase differentiated continuous impulses, means to divide the picture impulses at periodic intervals under the influence of the intermittent polyphase impulses, means to prolong the operative duration of the divided picture impulses under the influence of the phase differentiated continuous impulses, means to develop a plurality of continuous series of electrical impulses from the prolonged picture impulses, means to transmit and receive simultaneously the plurality of continuous series of electrical picture impulses, meansto convert polyphase currents into polyphase characteristic intermittent, phase differentiated continuous impulses. means to revert'the operative duration of the electrical picture impulses under the' influence of the polyphase impulses, means to produce a plurality of intermittent series of electrical picture impulses, means to recombine the plurality of intermittent series of electrical picture impulses into a single series of electrical picture impulses and means to reproduce images therefrom.

3. A method of televising consisting of scanning images, developing therefroma series of electrical picture impulses, convertin polyphase currents into a plurality of polyphase characteristic intermittent, phase differentiated continuous impulses, storing intermittently signals embodying portions'of the series of electrical picture impulses under the influence of the po yphase intermittent impulses, producing a simultaneous plurality of polyphase characteristic continuous series of electrical picture impulses under the influence of the phase differentiated continuous impulses, transmitting and receiving simultaneously the plurality of polyphase series of electrical picture impulses and reproducing images therefrom.

4. A television system comprising means to scan images, means to develop-therefrom a series of electrical picture impulses, means to convert polyphase currents into a plurality of polyphase characteristic intermittent, phase differentiated continuous impulses, means to store intermittently signals embodying portions of the series of electrical picture impulses under the influenceof the polyphase intermittent impulses, means to produce a simultaneous plurality of polyphase characteristic continuous series of electrical picture impulses under the influence of the phase differentiated continuous impulses, means to transmit and receive simultaneously the plurality of polyphase series of electrical picture impulses, and reproduce images therefr0m..

5. In a television system the method consisting of receiving simultaneously a plurality ofpolyphase characteristic continuous series of electrical picture impulses, converting polyphase currents into a plurality of polyphase'characteristic intermittent, phase differentiated continuous impulses, storing simultaneously each polyphase continuous series of electrical picture impulses under the influence of the phase diiferentiated continuous impulses, producing a plurality of intermittent series of electrical picture impulses under the influence of the polyphase characteristic intermittent impulses, combining the plurality of the intermittent series of electrical picture impulses into a single series of electrical picture impulses and producing images therefrom.

6. A television system comprising means to receive simultaneously a plurality of polyphase characteristic continuous series of electrical picture impulses, means to convert polyphase currents into a plurality of polyphase characteristic intermittent, phase differentiated continuous impulses, means to store simultaneously each polyphase continuous series of electrical picture impulses under the influence of the phase differentiated continuous impulses, means to produce a plurality of intermittent series of electrical picture impulses under the influence of the polyphase characteristic intermittent impulses, means to combine the plurality of the intermittent series of electrical picture impulses into a single series of electrical picture impulses and means to produce images therefrom.

7. A method of televising consisting of scanning images, developing therefrom a series of electrical picture impulses, storing intermittently in a polyphase characteristic fashion signals incorporating portions of the series of electrical picture impulses, prolonging the operative duration of each electrical picture impulse, producing a simultaneous plurality of polyphase characteristic continuous series of electrical picture impulses, transmitting and receiving simultaneously the latter plurality of polyphase series of electrical picture impulses, and reproducing images therefrom.

8. A television system comprising means to scan images, means to develop therefrom a series of electrical picture impulses, means to store intermittently in a polyphase characteristic fashion signals incorporating portions of the series of electrical picture impulses, means to prolong the operative duration of each electrical picture impulse, means to produce a simultaneous plurality of polyphase characteristic continuous se-- ries of electrical picture impulses, means to transmit and receive simultaneously the latter plurality of polyphase series-of electrical picture im- 21 pulses, and means to reproduce images therefrom.

9'. In a television system the method consisting of receiving simultaneously a plurality of polyphase characteristic continuous series of electrical picture impulses, storing simultaneously in a polyphase characteristic fashion each corresponding series of electrical picture impulses, reverting the operative duration of each electrical picture impulse to its original duration, producing a plurality of polyphase characteristic intermittent series of electrical picture impulses, combining the intermittent series of electrical picture impulses into a single series of electrical picture impulses and reproducing images therefrom.

10 A television system comprising means to receive simultaneously a plurality of polyphase characteristic continuous series of electrical picture impulses, means to store simultaneously in a polyphase characteristic fashion each corresponding series of electrical picture impulses, means to revert the operative duration of each electrical picture impulse to its original duration, means to produce a plurality of polyphase characteristic intermittent series of electrical picture impulses, means to combine the intermittent series of electrical picture impulses into a single series of electrical picture impulses, and means to produce pictures therefrom.

11. A method of televising consisting of scanning images, developing therefrom a series of interlaced electrical picture impulses thereby producing a chain of successive interlaced imageframes, storing intermittently by image-frames all of the said series of electrical picture impulses, prolonging the operative duration of each intermittent image-frame, developing a plurality of chains of continuous image-frames from the prolonged intermittent image-frames, thereby producing a plurality of continuous series of electrical picture impulses each series incorporating a number of continuous image-frames, transmitting and receiving simultaneously the plurality of the latter said continuous series of electrical picture impulses and producing images therefrom.

12. A television system comprising means to scan images, means to develop therefrom a series of interlaced electrical picture impulses, thereby produce a chain of successive interlaced image-frames, means to store intermittently by image-frames all of the said series of electrical picture impulses, means to prolong the operative duration of each intermittent image-frame,

means to develop a plurality of chains of con-- tinuous image-frames from the prolonged intermittent image-frames, thereby produce a plurality of continuous series of electrical picture impulses each series incorporating a number of continuous image-frames, means to transmit and receive simultaneously the plurality of the latter said continuous series of electrical picture impulses and means to produce images therefrom.

13. In a, television system the method consisting of receiving simultaneously a plurality of continuous series of electrical picture impulses each series incorporating a number of continuous image-frames, storing simultaneously by imageframe each corresponding series of continuous electrical picture impulses, reverting the operative duration of each image-frame to its original duration, producing a plurality of series of electrical picture impulses each series incorporating a number of intermittent image-frames, combining the intermittent image-frames thereby forming one series of electrical picture impulses, and reproducing images therefrom.

14. A television system comprising means to receive simultaneously a plurality of continuous series of electrical picture impulses each series incorporating a number of continuous imageframes, means to store simultaneously by imageframe each corresponding series of continuous electrical picture impulses, means to revert the operative duration of each image-frame to its original duration, means to produce a plurality of series of electrical picture impulses each series incorporating a number of intermittent image-frames, means to combine the intermittent image-frames to form one series of electrical picture impulses, and means to reproduce images therefrom.

15. In a television system, in accordance with claim 2, means to synchronize the conversion of the plurality of polyphase current impulses into intermittent and continuous polyphase impulses, thereby synchronize the reproduction of images at the receiver with those scanned at the transmitter.

16. In a television system, in accordance with claim 2, means to reduce the recombined series of electrical impulses at the local station receiver into video signals and means to re-broadcast the latter signals over a different radio-frequency carrier.

17. In a television system, in accordance with claim 2, means to reduce the recombined series of electrical impulses into video signals, means to transmit and receive audio and synchronizing signals separately, means to synchronize by the said synchronizing signals the operation of the local station receiver with that of the transmitter, means to retransmit and receive the video, audio and locally produced synchronizing signals over adjacent radio-frequency carriers and means to reproduce therefrom synchronized images and sound.

18. In a television system the method consisting of scanning intergraded images in line areas, producin therefrom a series of successive picture signals, storing intermittently all of the said picture signals, prolonging the operative duration of each picture signal, retrieving simultaneously therefrom by electronic emission a plurality of series of prolonged picture signals each series corresponding to different line areas of each image, developing from the latter signals a simultaneous plurality of continuous series of picture signals, transmitting and receiving simultaneously the plurality of continuous series of picture signals, storing simultaneously each continuous series of picture signals in different line areas of each image, reverting the operative duration of each picture signal to its original duration, developing by electronic emission intermittent series of picture signals, combining the latter picture signals and reproducing images therefrom.

19. In a television system comprising means to scan intergraded images in line areas, means to produce therefrom a series of successive picture signals, means to store intermittently all of the said picture signals, means to prolong the operative duration of each picture signal, means to retrieve simultaneously therefrom by electronic emission a plurality of series of prolonged picture signals each series corresponding to different line areas of each image, means to develop from the latter signals a simultaneous plurality of continuous series of picture signals, means to transmit and receive simultaneously the plurality of each picture signal to its original duration, means "to develop by electronic emission intermittent series of picture signals, means to combine the latter picture signals and means to reproduce images therefrom. i

20. In a television system the method consist- :in

ing of scanning intergraded images in line areas, developing therefrom a succession of intergraded series of picture signals, storing intermittently each intergraded series of picture signals, prolonging the operative duration of all the picture signals, retrieving simultaneously therefrom by electronic emission'series of prolonged picture signals each series corresponding to different line areas of each image, developing from the latter signals a plurality of'continugus intergraded scries oi picture signals, transmitting and receivin simultaneously the plurality of continuous intergraded series of picture signals, storing simultaneously each' continuous intergraded series of picture signals in different line areasof each image, reverting the operative duration of each picture signal to its original duration, developing thereirom by electronic emission intermittent intergraded series of picture signals, recombining the latter picture signals and reproducing intergraded images therefrom.

21. In a television system comprising means to scan intergraded images in line areas, means to develop therefrom a succession of intergraded series of picture signals, means to store intermittently each intergraded series of picture signals, means to prolong the operative duration of all the picture signals, means to retrieve simultaneously therefrom by electronic emission series of prolonged picture signals each series corresponding to different line areas of each image, means to develop from the latter signals a plurality of continuous intergraded series of picture signals, means to transmit and receive simultaneously the a plurality of continuous intergraded series of picture signals, means to store simultaneously each continuous intergraded series of picture signals in different line areas of each image, means to revert the operative duration of each picture signal to its original duration, means to develop 5e therefrom by electronic emission intermittent intergraded series of picture signals, means to recombine the latter picture signals and means to reproduce images therefrom.

22. In a television system the method consisting of scanning images in line areas, producing therefrom a series of successive picture signals, storing intermittently all of the said picture signals, prolonging the operative duration of each picture signal, retrieving'f simultaneously therefrom by electronic emission a plurality of continuous series of picture signals each series ,corresponding to a different line area of each image, transmitting and receiving simultaneously the plurality of continuous series of picture signals, storing simultaneously each continuous series of picture signals in a different line area of each image, reverting the operative duration of each picture signal to its original duration, developing by electronic emission intermittent series of picture signals, combining the latter picture signals and reproducing images therefrom. i

23. In a television system the method consisting of scanning intergraded images in line areas,

developin therefrom a succession of intergraded series of picture signals, storing intermittently each intergraded series of picture signals, prolonging the operative duration of all the picture signals, retrieving simultaneously therefrom by electronic emission a plurality of continuous intergraded series of picture signals, transmitting and receiving simultaneously the plurality of continuous intergraded series. of picture signals, storing simultaneously each continuous intergraded. series of picture signals, reverting the operative duration of each picture signal to its original duration, developing therefrom by electronic emission intermittent intergraded series of picture signals, recombining the latter picture signals and reproducing intergraded images therefrom.

GEORGE WALD.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,632,099 Schelleng June 14, 1927 1,760,159 Mathes May 27, 1930 1,771,360 Thrum July 22,1930 1,932,253 Ives Oct. 24, 1933 1,945,626 Baird Feb. 6, 1934 2,103,481 Mathes Dec. 28, 1937 2,191,565 Henroteau Feb. 27, 1940 2,219,021 Riesz Oct. 22, 1940 2,277,516 Henroteau Mar. 24, 1942 2,321,611 Moynihan June 15, 1943 2,375,966 Valensi May 15, 1945 r 2,381,901 Goldsmith Aug. 14, 1945 2,406,266 Sziklai Aug. 20, 1946 2,408,108 Teal Sept. 24, 19 .6

FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 386,849 Great Britain Jan. 26, 1933 928,783 France June 16, 1947 

